下 – Kanji Meaning, Reading, and Common Words

下 means ‘below,’ ‘under,’ or ‘down.’ It shows a horizontal line with a short stroke pointing downward, visually indicating something beneath a surface.

Reading

On’yomi: カ (ka), ゲ (ge)

Kun’yomi: した (shita), しも (shimo), くだ-る (kuda-ru), お-りる (o-riru)

Basic Information

Kanji
Meaning below, down, under
Stroke Count 3
JLPT Level N5

How to Understand This Kanji

下 can indicate physical position (under the table), direction (go down), rank (subordinate), or act as a polite prefix in some expressions. Multiple readings exist depending on context: した, しも, さ, くだ, カ, or ゲ.

Common Words

  • (した / shita) — below, under, bottom
  • 地下(ちか / chika) — underground
  • 地下鉄(ちかてつ / chikatetsu) — subway, underground train
  • 以下(いか / ika) — below, less than, the following
  • 下着(したぎ / shitagi) — underwear
  • 部下(ぶか / buka) — subordinate, one’s staff

Example Sentences

  • 机の下に猫がいます。

    つくえのしたにねこがいます。 / Tsukue no shita ni neko ga imasu.

    There is a cat under the desk.

  • 地下鉄に乗って行きます。

    ちかてつにのっていきます。 / Chikatetsu ni notte ikimasu.

    I will go by subway.

  • 階段を下りてください。

    かいだんをおりてください。 / Kaidan o orite kudasai.

    Please go down the stairs.

When Learners Usually See This Kanji

下 is always paired with 上 (up/above) in learning. The reading した is most common for ‘under/below,’ while カ/ゲ appear in compounds like 地下 (underground) and 下車 (getting off a vehicle).

Summary

下 means ‘below’ or ‘down’ and is one of the most common positional kanji, always paired with 上 (above).